Glycogenolysis and Glycogenesis

glucose polymerizes to form gylcogen when the organism has no immediate need from the energy derived from glucose breakdown via glycogenesis, for example after having a carbohydrate-containing meal 🍞.

glycogen

-storage form of glucose in animals and human.

-release glucose when energy demand are high via glycogenesis.

pathway of breakdown and formation of glycogen.

GLYCOGENOLYSIS	GLYCOGENESIS
STEP 1-glycogen is cleaved by phosphate to glucose -1-phosphate	Glycogen synthesis requires energy
STEP 2-glucose-1-phosphate is isomerized to glucose-6-phosphate	Energy supplied by hydrolysis of UTP
STEP 3-debranching enzymes to degrade the alpha(1>6) linkages to complete breakdown.

GLUCONEOGENESIS

GLUCONEOGENESIS

METABOLIC PATHWAY THAT RESULT IN GENERATION OF GLUCOSE FROM NON-CARBOHYDRATE SUBSTRATE

MAINTENANCE OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS LONG AFTER ALL DIETARY GLUCOSE HAS BEEN ABSORBED AND COMPLETELY OXIDIZE.

CONVERSION OF PYRUVATE TO GLUCOSE (ANABOLISM OF GLUCOSE)

The cori cycle link glycolysis and gluconegenesis in anaerobic metabolism

• The cori cycle/lactic acid cycle- cycling of glucose from glycolysis in muscle and gluconeogenesis in liver
• important in producing ATP during vigorous(energetic) anaerobic activities.
• anaerobic activities- glycolysis in muscle tissue converts glucose to pyruvate, NAD+ is regenerated by reduction of pyruvate to lactate
• lactate from muscle transported to liver.
• glucose produce in the liver is then transported back to muscle via blood

PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY(PPP)

Another metabolic fate fro glucose(other than glycolysis)

function of this alternative pathway

1. production of ribose-5-phosphate(five carbon sugar) are produced for nucleid acid biosynthesis.
2. oxidozing agent is NADP+,it is reduced to NADPH. NADPH is a reducing agent in biosynthesis of lipid

PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY IS THE METABOLIC PATHWAY BY WHICH GLUCOSE IS USED TO PRODUCED NADPH, RIBOSE 5-PHOSPHATE(A PENTOSE PHOSPHATE), AND NUMEROUS OTHER SUGAR PHOSPHATES.

NADPH - USED IN ANABOLIC REACTION REQUIRING ELECTRON